Data

Please cite the papers (if any) and the ICPSR Project Citation when using these data sources.

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

What: Manufacturing output and employment              

Level: County  (U.S)               

Time Period: 1927 – 1937

Frequency: Biennial     

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

What: Manufacturing output and employment      

Level: City (U.S.)          

Time Period:  1904 – 1939   

Frequency: ~ 5 years

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

What:  Spatial distribution of manufacturing industries

Level: County (U.S.)            

Time Period: 1927

Frequency:  Cross-section

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

What: Aggregate bank balance sheets       

Level: County (U.S.)    

Time Period: 1924 – 1931 

Frequency: Annual

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

What: Number of deaths by cause

Level: City  (U.S.)

Time Period: 1915-1923

Frequency: Annual

Link to data and codebook: [Data]

Paper citation: Janas, P. (2026). Public Goods Under Financial Distress. Journal of Financial Economics, 176. 104205.

What: Revenue, expenditure, and debt of U.S. cities               

Level:  City (U.S.)                

Time Period: 1924 – 1938

Frequency: Annual    

Link to data and codebook:  [Data]

Paper citation: Janas, P. (2026). Public Goods Under Financial Distress. Journal of Financial Economics, 176. 104205.

What: Outstanding bonds of U.S. cities as of 1929               

Level: Bond       

Time Period: 1929  

Frequency: Cross-section   

Link to data and codebook: [Data]​​​​

What:  Revenue, expenditure, and debt of public U.S. city school systems               

Level: U.S. school districts aggregated to the city-level            

Time Period: 1922 – 1940     

Frequency: Annual     

Link to data and codebook: [Data]​​​

Paper citation: Baker, S. R., Janas, P., & Kueng, L. (2025). Correlation in state and local tax changes. Journal of Public Economics, 242, 105275.

What: Personal income, corporate income, property, sales, and excise tax rates

Level:  State and County (U.S.)

Time Period:  1975 – 2022

Frequency: Annual